Proteins and Amino Acids
A protein (in Greek πρωτεϊνη = first element) is a complex, high molecular weight organic compound that consists of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Proteins are essential to the structure and function of all living cells and viruses. Many proteins are enzymes or subunits of enzymes. Other proteins play structural or mechanical roles, such as those that form the struts and joints of the cytoskeleton. Still more functions filled by proteins include immune response and the storage and transport of various ligands. In nutrition, proteins serve as the source of amino acids for organisms that do not synthesize those amino acids natively. Proteins are one of the classes of bio-macromolecules, alongside polysaccharides and nucleic acids, that make up the primary constituents of living things. They are amongst the most actively studied molecule in biochemistry and were discovered by Jöns Jakob Berzelius, in 1838.
Proteins and Amino Acids content:
Deficiency symptoms:
Too little protein may cause changes in body composition that develop over a long period of time, such as muscle wasting. The most severe form of protein deficiency is known as kwashiorkor.
Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition characterized by edema and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. It is caused by sufficient calorie intake, but with insufficient protein consumption, which distinguishes it from marasmus. Kwashiorkor cases occur in areas of famine or poor food supply. Cases in the developed world are rare.
Overdose symptoms:
People can typically consume 2 g of protein per kg of their body weight daily, long-term, without any significant side effects. Some people, such as elite athletes, may be able to eat as much as 3.5 g per kg of body weight daily without any side effects. Most research indicates that eating more than 2 g per kg of body weight daily of protein for a long time can cause health problems. Symptoms associated with too much protein include: intestinal discomfort and indigestion, dehydration, unexplained exhaustion, nausea, irritability, headache, diarrhea.
Recommended daily intake:
| Males | Females | Pregnancy | Lactation |
|---|
| 0-6 months | 9.1g* | 9.1g* | | |
| 6-12 months | 11g | 11g | | |
| 1-3 years | 13g | 13g | | |
| 4-8 years | 19g | 19g | | |
| 9-13 years | 34g | 34g | | |
| 14-18 years | 52g | 46g | 71g | 71g |
| 19-30 years | 56g | 46g | 71g | 71g |
| 31-50 years | 56g | 46g | 71g | 71g |
| 51-70 years | 56g | 46g | | |
| >70 years | 56g | 46g | | |
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[content] => A protein (in Greek πρωτεϊνη = first element) is a complex, high molecular weight organic compound that consists of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Proteins are essential to the structure and function of all living cells and viruses. Many proteins are enzymes or subunits of enzymes. Other proteins play structural or mechanical roles, such as those that form the struts and joints of the cytoskeleton. Still more functions filled by proteins include immune response and the storage and transport of various ligands. In nutrition, proteins serve as the source of amino acids for organisms that do not synthesize those amino acids natively. Proteins are one of the classes of bio-macromolecules, alongside polysaccharides and nucleic acids, that make up the primary constituents of living things. They are amongst the most actively studied molecule in biochemistry and were discovered by Jöns Jakob Berzelius, in 1838.
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[deficiency] => Too little protein may cause changes in body composition that develop over a long period of time, such as muscle wasting. The most severe form of protein deficiency is known as kwashiorkor.
Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition characterized by edema and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. It is caused by sufficient calorie intake, but with insufficient protein consumption, which distinguishes it from marasmus. Kwashiorkor cases occur in areas of famine or poor food supply. Cases in the developed world are rare.
[overdose] => People can typically consume 2 g of protein per kg of their body weight daily, long-term, without any significant side effects. Some people, such as elite athletes, may be able to eat as much as 3.5 g per kg of body weight daily without any side effects. Most research indicates that eating more than 2 g per kg of body weight daily of protein for a long time can cause health problems. Symptoms associated with too much protein include: intestinal discomfort and indigestion, dehydration, unexplained exhaustion, nausea, irritability, headache, diarrhea.
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