Fat (Lipids)
Lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others. The main biological functions of lipids include storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes. Lipids have applications in the cosmetic and food industries as well as in nanotechnology. Although the term lipid is sometimes used as a synonym for fats, fats are a subgroup of lipids called triglycerides. Lipids also encompass molecules such as fatty acids and their derivatives (including tri-, di-, monoglycerides, and phospholipids), as well as other sterol-containing metabolites such as cholesterol. Although humans and other mammals use various biosynthetic pathways to both break down and synthesize lipids, some essential lipids cannot be made this way and must be obtained from the diet.
Deficiency symptoms:
Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency is rare, occurring most often in infants fed diets deficient in EFAs. Signs include scaly dermatitis, alopecia, thrombocytopenia, and, in children, intellectual disability. Diagnosis is clinical. Dietary replenishment of EFAs reverses the deficiency.
Recommended daily intake:
| Males | Females | Pregnancy | Lactation |
|---|
| 0-6 months | 31g* | 31g* | | |
| 6-12 months | 30g* | 30g* | | |
| 1-3 years | 30g* | 30g* | | |
| 4-8 years | 36g* | 36g* | | |
| 9-13 years | 40g* | 40g* | | |
| 14-18 years | 50g* | 50g* | 65g* | 65g* |
| 19-30 years | 65g* | 65g* | 65g* | 65g* |
| 31-50 years | 65g* | 65g* | 65g* | 65g* |
| 51-70 years | 65g* | 65g* | | |
| >70 years | 65g* | 65g* | | |
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